Captain John Smith :: essays research papers

John Smith had many characteristics that helped to make him an important person in the beginning settlement of the New World. He was a brave and strong person who seemed to have little fear. He ran away from home when he was young and became a soldier in Europe and the Near East (Barbour). He thrived for excitement and adventure. During the settlement of Jamestown, he took on the responsibility of leadership by saving the colony from starvation (Microsoft). He made the men plant crops and build houses, while he was trading with the Indians for food (Microsoft). The colony chose him President of the Jamestown settlement. The settlers believed and trusted him because he had saved them. John Smith was a very smart man, and he wrote many accounts about the happenings in Jamestown. He also published an article about his voyage of 1614. His longest and best-known work was entitled The General History of Virginia (Gwinn). Without these accounts, we would know very little about the colony in the New World. Not only was he a writer, but he could also draw. He drew many maps showing his expeditions and adventures. Many of these maps were used by other groups of settlers who came to the New World. John Smith was brave, strong, smart, and a good leader. His name is probably best remembered as the man who was to be beheaded by Indians, when the chief’s daughter rushed to his side and saved his life. Many historians doubt this incident and said that Smith was just bragging and was a teller of tales (McMichael). He had so many different adventures and he sometimes stretched the truth. Even if John Smith did exaggerate at times, he was still an interesting and important character in American History. Critique: I don’t remember learning too much on John Smith, though of course I learned about him. My reaction to his work is questioning; I’ve heard how he was this brave and courageous hero, yet in the book it asserts that he was â€Å"a vain braggart† and â€Å"a teller of tall tales†. He didn’t mention the whole Pocahontas thing, which is the first that pops in my mind when I think about Smith. However, I think I admire him more than Columbus because he seemed to be more peaceful and open-minded when it came to the Indians. It claims in the American Literature book that he â€Å"traded for food with the Indians, learned their customs and language†.

Medical Ethics Abortion Essay

Most moral issues in medicine and healthcare will instigate lively debate, but no subject seems to inflame tempers more than the question of abortion. The gulf between pro-life and pro-choice can be an uncompromising stance of deeply held beliefs and principles. On the one hand, there is the claim that the foetus is a human being with the same right to life as any other human being, and abortion is therefore nothing less than murder. On the other hand, it is argued that a woman has a right to choose what happens within her own body, and is therefore justified in deciding to have her foetus removed if she so wishes. Even a liberal view is problematic; these tend to take the view that it is permissible for an abortion to take place before a certain stage in the foetuses development, but not beyond that given point. Such an arbitrary perspective does seem difficult to quantify; how can anyone determine the criteria that would navigate a decision that finds termination acceptable today but morally reprehensible tomorrow? It is sometimes argued that the foetus reaches personhood well before birth. â€Å"By the tenth week, for example, it already has a face, arms and legs, fingers and toes; it has internal organs, and brain activity is detectable.†[1] But does this undermine a woman’s right to self determination—can it still be reasonable for her to choose abortion, given its level of development? We shall explore this question; not from the perspective of whether the foetus is human, but from the premise â€Å"that the woman’s rights over her body are more important than the life of the person or part person in her womb.†[2] A Woman’s Right to Self-Defence Judith Jarvis Thomson presents the following hypothesis:[3] a woman becomes pregnant and then learns that she has a cardiac condition that will cause her death if the pregnancy continues. Let us grant the foetus personhood, with a right to life. Obviously the mother too has a right to life, so how can we decide who’s right to life is greater? A way of answering this question could be to say that an abortion is an act of aggression with the sole intention to kill. Whereas to do nothing would not be an attempt by anyone to murder the mother, rather to just let her die. The passivity of the latter could be seen as morally preferable than directly killing an innocent person. Thomson argues that â€Å"It cannot seriously be said that†¦she must sit passively by and wait for her death.†[4] There are two people involved, both are innocent, but one is endangering the life of the other. Thomson believes that in this scenario a woman is entitled to defend herself against the threat posed by the unborn baby, even if ultimately this will cause its death. I feel Thomson is correct in her appraisal. If an impartial judgement was sought by an individual as to whose life has greater worth; the foetus or the woman, they might not feel able to choose—both lives could be seen to hold equal value. But there is nothing objective about the woman’s situation—her life is endangered. If a person threatens my life—even if they are not conscious of their actions—I have a right to kill them, if that is the only course of action I can take to repel the attack. The scenario becomes less clear when we consider if a woman holds the same right to defend herself if the continuation of her pregnancy causes her serious health problems that are not terminal. Again, I would assess the situation in terms of an attack. Do I have a right to kill an assailant if he attempts to wound me? The answer, I think, is dependent upon degree—the injury that would be inflicted. It seems reasonable that the degree of retaliation should be proportional to the severity of the attack. Similarly, a woman has the right to terminate her pregnancy if its continuation instigates a degree of illness that is severe enough to warrant that decision. The problem then is quantifying such comparatives. It might seem reasonable to nominate the woman involved as the person best qualified to make that decision, but shouldn’t such judgments emanate from an objective source? After all, should I be able to ‘take the law into my own hands’ and choose whatever reprisal I thought necessary against my attacker? A Woman’s Right to Ownership A woman holds ownership of her own body; therefore she may abort her foetus if that is what she chooses â€Å"it is in a very real sense her own—to dispose of as she wishes.†[5] Professor Thomson analogises: it is not that the woman and foetus are like two tenants occupying a small house that has been mistakenly rented to both of them—the mother owns the house.[6] But not all claims of ownership hold an automatic right to dispose of their property. John Harris gives an example[7] suppose I own a life-saving drug, and have nothing planned for its use other than placing it on my shelf. If I meet a person who was dependent on that drug otherwise they will die, I would not be morally entitled to withhold the drug—it would be wrong of me to exercise that right. What Harris is expressing is that a woman may have the right to do what she wishes to her own body, but it would be wrong of her to exercise that right. The question then is; does the value of ownership of your body take precedence over the value of the foetus? Property is sometimes commandeered during war, and this action is usually justified because national security is thought to take priority over an individual’s right to ownership.[8] Another compelling, and I think decisive, argument comes from Mary Anne Warren. She states that ownership does not give me a right to kill an innocent person on my property, furthermore, it is also immoral to banish a person from my property; if by doing so they will undoubtedly perish.[9] If one does not accept that a foetus is a human being, then the woman may have it removed from her body, similarly to having a kidney stone taken out. But if the foetus is believed to be a person, then I do not think any argument of ownership can hold up against the soundness of the given examples. A Foetuses Right to its Mothers Body Can a woman’s right to choose abortion take priority over the foetuses right to life? Professor Thomson argues that â€Å"†¦a right to life does not guarantee having either a right to be given the use of or a right to be allowed continued use of another person’s body—even if one needs it for life.†[10] Thomson goes on to give an example[11], that if she was terminally ill, and the only thing that would save her life was the touch of Henry Fonda’s cool hand on her fevered brow, she would have no right to expect him to travel to her side and assist her in this way. No doubt, Thomson adds; that it would be frightfully nice of him, but she holds no right against him that he should do so. An obvious criticism is to argue that a woman has a special responsibility to her foetus, simply because she is its mother—a responsibility that ‘Henry Fonda’ does not owe, so the analogy, is rendered useless. But Thomson postulates that â€Å"we do not have any such ‘special responsibility’ for a person unless we have assumed it, explicitly or implicitly.†[12] Thomson therefore argues that if a pregnancy is unwanted, and the woman holds no emotional bond to the foetus, there is no attachment and so no responsibility. A possible dispute to Thomson’s idea is to suggest that the ‘special responsibility’ is bonded through genes rather then emotion. If a child is born and the mother abandons it, her culpability is held through their ‘mother and baby relationship’ rather then what the mother ‘thinks’ of her baby. Another argument that can give claim by the foetus to its mother’s body is one of contract.[13] It could be said that by voluntarily engaging in sexual intercourse a woman—even if using contraception—risks the chance of pregnancy. By understanding the possible consequences of her actions, she must be seen as responsible for the existence of the foetus, because no method of contraception is known to be infallible. Since the woman is accountable for bringing the foetus into the world (albeit in her womb) she assumes an obligation to continue to provide nourishment for its survival. Michael Tooley offers an example that he believes analogises this argument[14] there is a pleasurable act that I practice. But by engaging in it, it can have the unfortunate risk of destroying someone’s food supply. This will not cause the person any problem, as long as I continue to make such provisions, even though it causes me immense trouble and expense. Tooley says that he arranges things so that the probability of the ‘pleasurable act’ having such an effect is as small as possible (contraception). But he says that if things do go wrong, he is still responsible for the person needing food, and therefore obligated to supplying the food needed. Tooley believes that once we engage in an activity that can potentially create a child, then we assume responsibility for its needs, even if bringing that child into existence was accidental and precautions were taken to prevent that outcome. Professor Thomson offers her own powerful analogy in contrast to the above view: If the room is stuffy, and I therefore open a window to air it, and a burglar climbs in, it would be absurd to say, â€Å"Ah, now he can stay, she’s given him a right to the use of her house—for she is partially responsible for his presence there, having voluntarily done what enabled him to get in, in full knowledge that there are such things as burglars, and that burglars burgle.† It would be still more absurd to say this if I had had bars installed outside my windows, precisely to prevent burglars from getting in, and a burglar got in only because of a defect in the bars.[15] Abortion, Due to Rape As already stated, most views against abortion base their position from the value they place on the foetuses life. Even so, in the case where pregnancy had occurred through rape, most opponents of abortion would believe that there would be sufficient justification for termination. Obviously, there is something paradoxical about this—if the foetus is valuable because it is human, it is obviously no less human because its mother had been raped. So how can some opponents of abortion hold such contradictory ideas? Janet Radcliffe Richards’ explains that when a woman is forced to continue pregnancy until childbirth, â€Å"†¦the child is being used as an instrument of punishment to the mother, and that talk of the sanctity of life is being used to disguise the fact.†[16] The only thing that a woman that wants to abort for reasons of accidental pregnancy has done differently, is to of engaged willingly to sex—and that is what she is being punished for.[17] Richards’ offers an interesting approach to the apparent inconsistency stated, although I don’t find its supposition altogether convincing. I think the ‘double-standards’ described, portray an individual that holds only a relative opinion to the value of life that is held by the foetus. That is, the foetus is human, with rights, but not as human and not as much rights as an adult human being. And this is how I feel critics of abortion consider priority to women in rape cases. A Father’s Right To what degree, if any, does the father’s opinion count on whether his unborn child should die at the hands of the mother? After all, the foetus is very much a part of him—sharing his genetic make-up. It is noted by John Harris[18] that a man is not entitled to violate a woman for the purpose of impregnating her—that is rape—so then it follows that he must not violate her by forcing his wishes for a pregnancy to continue until birth. The counter argument is that by agreeing to sex, a woman has tacitly agreed to carry the man’s child. Ultimately the woman’s opinion must take priority over the man’s—because she has to carry the foetus, but, once a foetus is formed, one can have a degree of sympathy for the man’s situation. If copulation had taken place for the purpose of impregnation, then why should the man suffer a feeling of loss just because his partner changes her mind? Where contraception is used, his argument may be weakened—they did not intend parenthood. But if both were planning for a baby, is it fare that once that child exists, the mother can take it away from its father, even though he has done no wrong? A Right to Death If a pregnancy is terminated during its early stages, the foetus will undoubtedly die. But if an abortion takes place later in pregnancy, and by some miracle survives, the mother has no â€Å"right to secure the death of the unborn child.†[19] If the baby was still unwanted, the â€Å"woman may be utterly devastated by the thought of a child, a bit of herself, put out for adoption and never seen or heard of again†[20] but she can only demand her separation from it; she may not order its execution. I guess there would be few opponents to this assertion; but it is interesting to understand why. If a person accepts the permissibility of abortion, how is it so different to kill a child that survives its attempted termination? Presumably the foetus has acquired rights that it didn’t hold inside the womb, or perhaps the woman loses her rights during that transition. It seems strange that location should alter the foetuses perspective so drastically—after all, it is the same being. It could be argued that it is independence that qualifies the foetus for its right to live. When it no longer needs its mother for survival, and is not ‘reliant’ upon her in any way, she loses the right to decide its fate. Professor Thomson’s explanation is somewhat different; she too agrees that there is no justification for a woman to order the death of a foetus that lives following an abortion, but her reasoning is not dependent upon any acquisition or loss of rights. Thomson argues that a termination is just the right for a woman to detach the foetus from her body. This is not an act of murder (even though its death is inevitable during its infancy) but an entitlement to liberation, whatever its outcome.[21] Professor Thomson presents an account that would be reasonable if the act of abortion was purely an attempt of separation. But in fact the procedure used is an attempt, not only to detach and remove the foetus, but to kill it.[22] If the abortionist fails in this task, then Thomson allows the baby a right to live. But as the method of termination is designed for the foetus to die, I believe it renders Thomson’s point unsound. Conclusion Professor Thomson concedes that â€Å"It would be indecent in the woman to request an abortion, and indecent in a doctor to perform it, if she is in her seventh month, and wants the abortion just to avoid the nuisance of postponing a trip abroad.†[23] So, even staunch defendants of feminist ethics feel compelled to consider the foetuses interests once its development reaches a mature stage. It could be argued that the foetus has become a baby, and abortion is therefore tantamount to infanticide. I believe that anyone can exercise their right to self-defence if their life is threatened, and a woman can use her prerogative against the unborn baby at any stage of its development without recrimination. However, I feel that a woman’s right to expel her foetus for any other reason has only relative justification. Relative: because a woman’s rights to abort become less valid as the foetus develops. There is, in my opinion, a necessary correlation between foetal development and a woman’s right to termination. A woman may exercise her choice without compromise during early pregnancy, because the foetus is nothing more then potential, but justification becomes less palatable as potential becomes actualised. Can a woman really hold the same rights to ‘choose what happens within her own body’ when the foetus is twenty five weeks old, as she did when it was ten weeks old? As previously mentioned, arbitrarily choosing a point in the foetuses life and exclaiming ‘before this point the thing is not a person, after this point it is a person,’ does appear contrived. But its comparison with ‘before this point a woman can choose, after this point she can’t; does seem vindicated against less satisfactory views. The purpose of this essay was to assess a case for abortion that was not dependent on the foetuses right to life, but instead to appreciate a woman’s right to choose. I don’t believe that either position can be considered without respecting the rights of the other. Therefore, in my opinion; a woman holds considerable rights; but they are only relative to the foetuses level of development. BIBLIOGRAPHY Dwyer, Susan, The Problem of Abortion. London: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1997 Glover, Jonathan, Causing Death and Saving Lives. London: Penguin Books, 1997 Harris, John, The Value of Life. London: Routledge, 1985 Info on Abortion â€Å"Abortion†, Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopaedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abortion#Other_means_of_ abortion Richards, Janet, The Sceptical Feminist. Harmondsworth: Pelican, 1982 Sherwin, Susan, No Longer Patient. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1992 Thomson, Judith, â€Å"A Defence of Abortion†, Philosophy and Public Affairs, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1971: pp. 47-66 Tooley, Michael, Abortion and Infanticide. London: Oxford University Press, 1983 Warren, Marry Anne, â€Å"On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion†, The Monist, 1973

The Wage Discrimination Between A Man And A Woman

Research paper Discrimination can be dealt through many different aspects I will talk about the wage discrimination between a man and a women. I am for women getting equal pay as men because women can have the same qualifications if not better than their male counterparts and are still underpaid in most workplace settings. Through the years women have been underpaid by their male counterparts in society. Women should get equal pay as men because women may be just as qualified or overqualified as them in the workplace society. This paper will explain what wage discrimination is, how it affects women today, and how to improvise and possibly eliminate the situation. Since women got the right to vote in 1921 they have been underestimated by†¦show more content†¦Another thing to point out is that more women are graduating with college degrees than men in a recent study it showed how fifty seven percent of people in college were women as opposed to male. Recently â€Å"President Obama is trying to get the senate to pass the Paycheck Fairness Act to make it easier for women to defend themselves against gender discrimination.† Also the Equal Rights Amendment is also trying to work itself into play to help our generations women against such discrimination. Women should get equal pay as men because women may be just as qualified as men and get paid less as male. â€Å"From last years Census Bureau the wage gap between a teenage male and a teenage female was twenty two percent stimulating that a female earns twenty two cents less than the male in a full time job setting.† When you factor in other stipulations the gap may be lowe r but it still exists this is the problem at hand. In technology areas the pay gap between men and women 2,500 and if that woman has a child then the gap goes up to 11,000. Women deserve higher pay in society do same amount of work as men. Depending on a woman s marital status, education, how many hours worked, age, and area of location the wage gap can be between seven and twelve percent.Yes, women have progressed to reduce this percentage but they need to work much harder to prove themselves in this male

Puritanism and Pragmatism Essay - 728 Words

Although they lived on the same continent, John Winthrop and Benjamin Franklin lived in very different worlds. These men are similar in some respects, but overwhelmingly they are different. For example, John Winthrop and Benjamin Franklin can be considered leaders in their time frame. Winthrop led the Puritans; Franklin led his country to war. Both men also possessed many of the same virtues such as patience and work ethic. Despite these similarities, John Winthrop and Benjamin Franklin had a different style of living and a different philosophy of life. These differences are most notable in regards to religion, economics, and science. Perhaps the greatest difference between Winthrop and Franklin was their view of religion.†¦show more content†¦The initial New England ideal of a closely knit, covenanted community proved difficult to maintain in the face of economic growth (52). The region began to grow not only in population, but also in prosperity. The Puritans were expected to support the church by giving money to their ministers. The later generations born in Massachusetts Bay were more interested in keeping their wealth than fearing the wrath of God. New England merchants were accused of making too much money; they began to want relief and freedom from the straitjacket of Puritanism. The life of Benjamin Franklin is a typically rags-to-riches story. He knew that hard work would pay off in the end, and by the age of forty-two he had accumulated sufficient wealth to reach his goal of the ‘free and easy life (54). Unlike Winthrop, Franklin believed that the money one earns is rightfully his own. Winthrops and Franklins economic philosophies reflected the time period in which they lived. A final difference between Winthrop and Franklin dealt with their notions of science. Naturally, for the Puritans, science meshed with religion. It says on page 60, Nature was Gods handiwork; its processes showed the effect of His guidance. Consequ ently, to study natural phenomena was to observe the wisdom, power, and glory of God. Science for the Puritan mind was an act of worship. On the other hand, Franklin was determined to understand how things work; heShow MoreRelated Puritanism and Pragmatism Essay705 Words   |  3 Pagesto establish Winthrop’s â€Å"city upon a hill,† â€Å"was the need for the people to obey their governors and for the governors to obey God. If they did, God would adopt and protect the wilderness colony as He had the ancient Jews† (Nash amp; Graves 31). Puritanism reflects the notion of pre-destination, indoctrinated by Calvinism, in which there are only two kinds of people: the elect and the non-elect. The elect were the people, usually ministers and high-ranking officers, who have been chosen by God toRead MoreFranklin: Puritan or Enlightenment? Essay868 Words   |  4 Pageslove work for man#161;#175;s salvation, but as for man. All he could do (if ever there was anything he could do) was to worship the Almighty and hope had been handed down and been very much alive on the contrary. It#161;#175;s safe to say that Puritanism was still much prevailing at that time and even the enlightenment thinkers themselves carried much the puritan belief. Analysis The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin represented most of the enlightenment ideas of his. However, it also includesRead MoreThe American Culture : Key Values10736 Words   |  43 PagesThe American Culture Some Key Values †¢ Individuality †¢ Results orientation †¢ Pragmatism †¢ Direct communication style Greetings and Goodbyes For most Americans a smile and verbal greeting are appropriate. In a business context, however, a firm handshake is used. Weak handshakes can be perceived as a sign of weakness. It is likely the handshake will be brief. Men usually wait for women to offer their hand before shaking. Also, direct eye contact is also appreciated. Americans tend to dislike over-formalised

American History And Its Impact On America - 1107 Words

American History American History and its people are extremely important to the health and progression of their nation. So may played a critical part in shaping this nation into what it is today. Even though many would love just to focus on the crisis and bad decisions that some have made. Our country is considered the land of the free, land of opportunity, land of dreams coming true. We can’t let bad choices by a few select cloud who we are and celebrate the great achievements we have made together as a nation. To do so would be to make a mockery out of the lives of those who worked so hard to shape this nation into one of the greatest nations on the earth. Most of these people acted from a place of strong faith and beliefs. They forged on against adversity and hostility because of this hope in God and in freedom. Thomas Jefferson was a man who helped establish this country on faith. He was the initial author of the Declaration of Independence and key to affirming freedom and rights for Americans. Jefferson introduced the statue of religious freedom. This is still having an impact on our society today and has helped solidify Christians’ faith across this country. Jefferson was president the years 1800-1808 and he oversaw the expansion of American territory in the west. Benjamin Franklin played a key role in encouraging the diverse colonies to gain together in the war of independence. He later served as an American ambassador to France and helped to cementShow MoreRelatedWorld War One s Impact On American Economics1589 Words   |  7 Pages1’s Impact on American Economics By Chris Danielson History 104, Fall 2015 University of North Dakota As a student studying business, I like to look at significant events in US history and the impact they had on business in America. 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It confuses me that a historian that spent most of the book from chapter 1-6, discussing the enslavement of African Muslim to the New World and how they had to assimilate to a

Financial Institutions in Financial Markets Free Essays

A financial institution is an institution that issues deposits and other financial liabilities and invests predominantly in loans and other financial assets (Kidwell, Blackwell, Whidbee, p. 636, 2008). Financial institutions include organizations such as banks, trust companies, insurance organization, pension, and mutual funds, and investment dealers or banks. We will write a custom essay sample on Financial Institutions in Financial Markets or any similar topic only for you Order Now In some shape or form individuals and corporations deal with a financial institution on a daily. Depositing money, taking out loans, currency exchange, or investing one has to go through a financial institution. There are several financial institutions three of the major financial institutions and the role they play in the financial market will be discussed in detail. Commercial Banks This is a bank that accepts deposits and makes consumers, commercial, and real estate loans (Saunders, Cornett, p. 29, 2008). The largest groups of depository institutions that are measured by asset size are commercial banks. Commercial banks have similar functions as savings institutions and credit unions. The three accept deposits (Liabilities) and make loans (assets). The difference is in the arrangement of assets and liabilities, which are much more diverse. To meet the interest obligations to deposit, commercial banks carefully invest the assets in addition to extending loans to business and individuals. Enterprises of small and medium sized businesses are the greatest potential customers of the commercial banking area. Commercial banking has less influence over larger corporations there is a possibility for corporations to influence consumer behavior through the financial products offered. The role of commercial banks in the financial institution is essential because it offers a wide assortment of deposit accounts and serves both the public and private sector. Commercial banks are dominant depository institutions. Insurance Organization The primary function of insurance companies is to protect individuals and corporations from adverse events. In the financial institution, the insurance companies invest in financial securities, such as corporate bonds and stocks with the premiums collected. By accepting these premiums, insurance companies promise policyholders reimbursement if certain specified events occur. The importance of the insurance company in the role of financial institution is one that cannot be overlooked. It protects people and companies from the financial consequences of events whose risks are actuarially determinable. The financial health of the insurance company is the single most important purchase criterion; because an insurance contract is a promise by the insurance company to pay the insured if an event occurs. Investment Banks The possibility of the investment bank depends on the influence the investment bank has over the business. This type of financial institution specializes in the sale of new securities to the public or otherwise known as underwriter. Investment banking has the appeal of allowing one to make a large amount of money. The specialty is helping businesses and governments sell debt or equity in the primary markets to finance capital expenses. Restrictions are few on the range of activities in which investment banks can engage in. The one concern is the role of the financial institution between environmental performance and investment performance. Investment bankers study the market of the securities as well as maintaining relationship that provides a full range of the firm’s services to government agencies or corporate clients looking to raise capital. This requires creative thinking and the ability to leverage other product areas in the organization. The three financial institutions act as intermediaries between the net providers and borrowers of funds. The financial institutions specialize in varying types of financial assets and services and most of them are acquired through the market and organize them into a different and more widely preferable type of asset. Commercial banks, investment banks, and insurance companies facilitate the efficiency and growth of the economy as well as trading of existing securities. The major players in the financial market are very important to the financial market. In conclusion financial institutions create financial assets for customers and sell the assets to other markets for a profit. The functioning of these institutions is very important for an effective financial market and for the conduct of monetary policies. Commercial banks, insurance organizations, and investment banks have been explained separately and how each interacts with each other. How to cite Financial Institutions in Financial Markets, Papers

Impact of Social Media on Consumer Decisions

Question: Discuss about theImpact of Social Media on Consumer Decisions. Answer: Introduction: The web 2.0 emergence happened to be a significant development towards history of commerce. The social media being the other buzzword that on web 2.0 based is a revolution that not only helps encourage contents those are user generated but also focuses that allows users to exhibit contents and share between networks (de Kervenoael, Aykac, Palmer, 2009). This technical revolution especially presently in last decade drastically has revolutionized the tradition approaches of marketing with the help of social media marketing. This new era of marketing revolutionized the marketers relationship with their distribution channels, retailers and consumers. Being information age the consumers with overwhelming information quantities are overburdened every day (Evans Cothrel, 2014). Thus looking at numerous campaigns related social media, e-commerce websites, forums, sales emails etc. suggest all companies moving towards internet marketing approaches for target audience accessibility and required money in doing so. The approach related traditional advertising of mass communication media like television, magazines and newspaper aims towards conveying to broader audience group messages with the hope in reaching interested few. With much of the stimuli bombardments, the individuals have become more cautious and adjusted to information seeking (Clarke, 2014). Therefore, it is necessary for Wesfarmers to understand reasons regarding particular concern of consumers and seek ways towards speaking individually, or in small groups to customers. Social media marketing is another alternative for interfacing with the consumers to understand their perspective. Therefore, social media focuses on the consumers with market and business perspective that helps marketers with new tools for interacting with the consumers and integrate these onto the brands through process of innovation. Hence, the research aims towards evaluating the impact of the social media on the consumer decisions that requires Wesfarmers a large and successful retail company in Australia with own retail chains has to understand the impact of social media that influences the consumer behaviour related to buying (Wesfarmersonline, 2016). Literature Review and Theoretical Background According to the Janowski and Mohanty (2010), advancement of the internet and Web 2.0 emergence the interconnectivity on the internet has expanded between the individuals. This has helped immensely to enable the development to collaborate on internet among the businesses and the customers. This having emerged based on the social media, that has enabled the consumers with generating content and conduct the online social interactions through the social platforms. There exist various social media tools and platforms, which have facilitated the sharing of information. These tools for instance such as the Wikipedia, an encyclopaedia free online, is one such most popular platform that provides the users with the facility to collaborate through information sharing. The other platforms provide ability related to generating ratings and reviews like the Amazon.com that enables the customer with facility to review the products and rate them. Further, these platform members are interdependent co operatively (Hudson Thal, 2013). The consumers using the social media can create the content and offer to the others valuable advice. The online communities with these new developments and the individuals emerge using this electronic network on the social platforms where these members share quickly and globally the information. The social networks rise has provided with new era related to the creation of content that has given the individuals to share easily the information and the experiences with other social network users (Forbes Forbes, 2013). The online businesses related to next generation shall be according to communities that is better tool for attraction of new customers. Heinonen, (2011) stated that, online communities provide opportunity to companies with good system related to managing customer relationship with new developments to improve business performance. Further, assuming these platforms through social interaction the members become familiar to each other providing trust source possible that greatly influence users buying intention. Simultaneously, it is vital to have business model that adapts to social commerce for companies. Thus, social media provides businesses opportunities to become universally more attractive through the social interactions of the consumers that affect their deci sions. The Hypothesis and Research Questions Hypothesis Null Hypothesis (H0): Social media influences the consumer decision Alternative Hypothesis (H1): Social media do not influence consumer decision Research Questions What factors influence consumer decision process in products and services? How social media influence consumer decision process in Wesfarmer? How influence the consumer decision process related to products/services through social media in Wesfarmer? The Operation and Measurement Definition The study is been based on variables and link impact investigation (Cabosky, 2016). The variables that study uses both dependent and independent variable with social media as dependent variable, which is important part, and consumer decision process as independent variable The Research Design and Methodology: Analysis and Data collection Sampling Techniques This study focuses on primary and secondary data collection. The primary data through both quantitative and qualitative collected. The quantitative data collected from customers through survey method and qualitative data through interview process collected from Wesfarmers managers (Shelton, 2013). Additionally the secondary data collected both from online and offline sources such as journals, websites, newspapers, business magazines and library sources. Through the probabilistic sampling process, the customers surveyed are selected by giving them to participate equal opportunity in survey process. Alternately, through non-probabilistic sampling technique the managers being interviewed are chosen. This is conducted based on the participation process and busy schedule. Customers: Hundred Managers: Three Method of Analysis The quantitative data represented via tools, statistical techniques like graphs, tables, pie chart, and SPSS software while qualitative data is reflected through analysis and presentation (Page Pitt, 2011). Research Process Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10 Main Activities/ Stages Selection of research area Developing aim, objectives, research questions and research proposal hypotheses Preparation Conduct literature review Identification and selection of data collection methods interview/survey, ethics form preparation Collecting primary data Analyzing data Comparing findings Conclusion recommendations à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚   collecting feedback from mentor à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚   à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚   à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚   à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚   à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚   Finalization and submission Result Expected This study provides that social media impacts consumer decisions regarding Wesfarmers products/services. Conclusion The research helps to conclude the fact that in making purchase decisions are impacted with information that social media provides that helps in decision making regarding products/services. The process is linked with aims and objective towards effectively achieving it. References Cabosky, J. (2016). Social media opinion sharing: beyond volume.Journal Of Consumer Marketing,33(3), 172-181. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-02-2015-1323 Clarke, R. (2014). The Prospects for Consumer-Oriented Social Media.Organizacija,47(4). https://dx.doi.org/10.2478/orga-2014-0024 de Kervenoael, R., Aykac, D., Palmer, M. (2009). Online social capital: Understanding e-impulse buying in practice.Journal Of Retailing And Consumer Services,16(4), 320-328. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2009.02.007 Evans, D. Cothrel, J. (2014).Social customer experience. Indianapolis, Ind.: Sybex/John Wiley Sons. Forbes, L. Forbes, L. (2013). Does Social Media Influence Consumer Buying Behavior? An Investigation Of Recommendations And Purchases.Journal Of Business Economics Research (JBER),11(2), 107. https://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jber.v11i2.7623 Heinonen, K. (2011). Consumer activity in social media: Managerial approaches to consumers' social media behavior.Journal Of Consumer Behaviour,10(6), 356-364. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cb.376 Hudson, S. Thal, K. (2013). The Impact of Social Media on the Consumer Decision Process: Implications for Tourism Marketing.Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing,30(1-2), 156-160. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2013.751276 Page, K. Pitt, L. (2011). Web 2.0, Social Media, and Creative Consumers: Special Issue.Journal of Consumer Behaviour,10(6), i-iii. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cb.390 Shelton, T. (2013).Business models for the social mobile cloud. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Wesfarmersonline. (2016).Wesfarmers.com.au. Retrieved 25 August 2016, fromhttps://www.wesfarmers.com.au/ Janowski, T. and Mohanty, H. (2010). Distributed computing and internet technology. Berlin: Springer.